OK, lots of questions. Well done on the steering wheel - dogged persistance pays off at last! Firstly, even if your starter ran backwards, it would not throw the starter into gear, as the 'thread' on the Bendix gear would run the wrong way. Therefore, your starter will only run one way. Having the wires the wrong way round on the switch MIGHT (depending on your wiring) mean that when you released the starter, the +ve supply to the coil ceased, so no spark any more. Look at your wiring and think about it a bit or use a wiring tester type screwdriver to chase the voltage. Someone may have rewired it a bit wrongly in the past. Is your tractor now -ve ground instead of the original +ve? If so, someone forgot to reverse/swap the connections on the ammeter, so it is reading -ve when it means +ve. To check this, connect another ammeter to the circuit (eg handheld test meter type) and see if it agrees with the ammeter on the tractor. The tractor ammeter should be connected between the battery and the starter switch (connections dependant on polarity). Hope this helps.
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