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The reason it doesn't start easily is because it is not designed too well in the first place. Standard engine is notorious for this problem. I did a little research into this and so far as I can gather, main problem is that it is an indirect injection engine but doesn't have glow plugs in each cylinder like it probably should. The "standard" Standard 23c engine just tries to get by with a manifold heater plug and it just doesn't cut it. Its like trying to start a diesel car engine when the heater plugs aren't working. I believe there is a cold climate head available that has plugs in each individual cylinder. Never seen one but I'd bet they start fine. The underlying reasons for indirect injection engines needing heater plugs are (allegedly) because:- (i) when starting from cold the rate of heat loss from cylinder is high and because fo this it is hard to get the air hot enough to ignite the fuel; and, (ii) It is harder to ignite fuel that is being injected into a (cooler) combustion chamber rather than directly into the hot air in the cylinder inself. Heater plugs compensate for these problems. Most also heat for a time after engine starts until it gets warmed up enough to no longer need any help. Fast cranking speed helps a lot. Direct injection engines don't have as much heat loss and are injecting fuel into centre of the hot air charge in the cylinder and so don't usually need cylinder glow plugs to get going. Also, because of lower thermal losses they are a bit more fuel efficient but the downside is that they are noisier and smokier too. Hence they tend to be found in trucks and tractors rather than cars. I have heard of an unoffical modification to 23c head that involves opening out the combution chamber a bit to allow a degree of direct injection to take place but it would be a brave soul who'd experiment with this if they didn't have some experience of it. I have a 23c and it won't start without heat unless engine is reasonably warm. (i.e. has been running at workign temperature in last half hour) Assuming injection timing is ok, there's probably not a lot wrong with your tractor. I'd just make sure battery is giving its best and starter is working well too. Could also try using a block heater if it is a problem. I would defintely do that if you are in a cold climate. [Heat losses from the cylinder in indirect engines are higher than in direct injection because they have a greater surface area/cylinder volume ratio becasue of the presence of the combustion chamber which direct doesn't have. - apparently.]
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