The good news is that the starter is a motor and not a resistor. If it was a resistor like a light bulb, amps would double and the motor would soon burn out, like the guys who have never tried 12v on a 6v starter think.
In reality, it is a motor, and they only draw enough amps to get the job done. So you put a 12v battery on a 6v starter and it only needs half the amps to put out the same hp if it were turning the engine at the same speed. It will turn faster, and that takes more hp, but it doesn't turn so fast that the amps go up. Since the wires and motor are designed for much higher amperage they are oversized and last a long time.
Now, try to start a 12v tractor on 6v. Amps go through the roof, everything gets hot, and if you've got enough battery to deliver the amps you wind up letting the smoke out. As everyone with experience in these electric things knows, once you let the smoke out it is near impossible to get it back in, you just have to buy new stuff with the smoke already in it.
Now, let's talk about why a DC motor turns the same way with positive or negative ground...
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