First question - The original hydraulic system on Farmalls of that era only operated when the clutch was released. The pump gets its power from the transmission. The tractor does not have to be in gear for the pump to operate, it runs unless the clutch pedal is depressed. Live hydraulics found on old Farmalls run directly off the engine with the pump mounted ahead of the distributor. Either system can be plumbed to make a cylinder extend and contract, and either system can be plumbed to operate "single acting" cylinders that are returned to starting position by gravity or mechanical means. Second question - The "Lift-All" or "belly pump" system on the H has three pressure ports and one fill-port. You already found the fill-port when you added the oil. There is one pressure port on the right side of the tractor, and two on the left. They are ALL pressure ports, and all supply pressure when the lift-lever is pulled. Pushing the lever ALL the way forward releases any pressure in the lines attached to those three ports, and oil flows back to the pump through the same port it came out of. The right-side port and the front one on the left side were commonly hooked to the front gangs of cultivators, or both cylinders of a loader. The left rear port was for the rear gang of the cultivators. Now typically, someone is going to post on here that what I'm about to tell you is wrong.... but many, if not MOST of these old tractors have a delay built into the pump that allows the front ports to receive pressure first, and the pressure (hence flow) is delayed to the rear port. This allowed the operator to pull the lever at the end of the corn rows, and after the front cultivator gangs would lift, the rear port would get pressure and lift the rear cultivators at approximately the same place. It was timed pretty close to lift at the same spot in 3rd or 4th gear when using the size cylinders that came on those old cultivators. We farmed for many years with an IH 56 corn planter that had a Midwest harrow mounted on the tongue between the planter and tractor. Using a front port to lift the harrow and the rear port to lift the planter, this simplified the lift procedure into one pull of the lever that lifted both units within inches of the same place. There may have been some of these old pumps built with no delay feature in them, or modified to have none, but yours likely has it. If you hook two cylinders, one to a front port and one to the rear port on your tractor, then lift two implements with them, you'll likely find that you can lower the implement hooked to the front port by pushing the control lever most of the way (but not all the way) forward without dropping the other implement. You can run "single acting" cylinders with your present setup. If you want to use a "double acting" cylinder that has power in both directions, you'll need some more plumbing. IH made an attachment commonly called a "christmas tree" that attached to the fill port of the pump and used a valve to direct pressure to either end of a cylinder. The oil returning from the non-pressurized end of the cylinder went back to the pump through the fill port. These are about impossible to find and are worth $$ to the restoration crowd. The hydraulic control lever was pulled and locked into the "up" position, thus the pump provided constant flow to the valve. Some creative plumbing with pipe, hoses, and a remote valve can accomplish the same thing. If you want to run a hydraulic motor, you can use any pressure port to send oil the motor and use a line to the pump fill port as a return. This will only allow one-direction motor operation, unless a two-way remote is added. If you do some archive searching, you can find pictures of some interesting setups for hydraulics on these old tractors.
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Today's Featured Article - Choosin, Mounting and Using a Bush Hog Type Mower - by Francis Robinson. Looking around at my new neighbors, most of whom are city raised and have recently acquired their first mini-farms of five to fifteen acres and also from reading questions ask at various discussion sites on the web it is frighteningly apparent that a great many guys (and a few gals) are learning by trial and error and mostly error how to use a very dangerous piece of farm equipment. It is also very apparent that these folks are getting a lot of very poor and often very dangerous advice fro
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