I don"t know a lot about these things, but I"ll try to help...
Hydros are a blessing when they work and a curse when they don"t, but as long as nothing bad happened (ran it with no oil) the problem is likely minor. Hydros tend to fail slowly, not all of a sudden. As the previous fellow indicated, the dump valve pedal (what you might call the clutch pedal--if your tractor has a pedal there) is a good place to begin. If it is stuck open, the wheels may spin (I"ve never tried it with them in the air), but they won"t pull if they"re on the ground.
If the dump valve checks out okay and the problem persists, a variety of problems may exist inside the hydro itself. All of these might be minor once they"re on the bench in front of you, but you have to rip the machine apart to get to them. By this I mean that if a bit of dirt, rust, corrosion, or slug of sludge/moisture got stuck in the right place, it could disable the machine without causing much harm. The problem is finding out where to dig before you rip into it.
The key with hydros is prevention. Keep the oil clean and filters changed regularly. Change the oil regularly as well. If you"ve not done this recently (in the last two or three years or in the last thousand hours of run time, drain the oil and replace it with new. Change the filters too. Run any part of the hydraulic system that does work before draining the oil as the oil should be hot when you drain it. As it drains, hot oil will carry out more dirt, contamination and moisture than cold.
If new oil and filters do not bring your machine back to life, or if all these have already been changed recently, you"ll need to get serious about learning how this thing works because unless they have experience with hydros, most mechanics won"t have a clue.
I&T sells a nice shop manual for the overhaul of Farmall tractors equipped with hydros. I don"t know how much help they are with diagnosis, but for twenty bucks, you can probably begin there and see if it is of any help. IH used to sell a hydro manual which was filled with fold-out illustrations of the inwards of hydros--I have one for mine--but I don"t know if anyone can get you a reprint of these. Besides--the schematics are in multiple colours, and I find that even the black and white reprints are not of the best quality.
The upshot is this: Though the hydro is a mysterious thing buried deep inside your tractor, there are test ports, pipes, and fittings which come to the outside world. These provide ways to measure pressures and flows inside. Acquire the proper tools and knowledge, and narrow down where the problem is before you tear it apart. It may be as simple as opening some access panel and replacing an o-ring, or removing a bit of grime that"s making some valve stick.
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Today's Featured Article - On the Road with Dave Gohl: Tractors and Farming - by Dave Gohl. I never thought I'd live to see the day, when I could call myself a farmer. What allows me to say this? Well, when our family moved to our 20 acre site near New Prague, Minnesota, I had one thought in mind. You guessed it, farm it somehow. A little history is in order. In my younger days, mom, dad and my brother made frequent visits to dad's youngest brother Pete, who took over the home farm from grandpa MIke. It was the typical set-up, milk cows, pigs & chickens. In the winter, we'd play
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