From your description I am not convinced you have a fuel problem, at least not detonation. Operating in severe detonation should result in broken ring lands or a hole in the piston dome. Have you significantly increased the compression ratio of this tractor?
An engine that locks up under load and is then free after cooling suggests the pistons have expanded a greater amount than the piston to cylinder wall clearance - thereby locking up. OEM pistons typically have good expansion control and the specified piston/wall clearance has been tested and known to work. Perhaps the clearance measurement was incorrect or if using non-OEM pistons you really don't know what clearance is needed when you work them hard.
To your concern regarding combustion temperatures; lowering the inlet air temperature tracks through the entire combustion process. On a cold day the combustion chamber temperature will be lower simply because the process started at a lower temperature point. If you want to work these old tractors removing or bypassing the exhaust heating of the inlet air will take a significate amount of temperature out of the combustion process and reduces the engine's octane requirement. In addition you get a power increase; approximately 1% HP for each 10 degrees F the inlet air temperature is reduced.
Just my thoughts from your description....perhaps there are other details not provided.
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Today's Featured Article - Upgrading an Oliver Super 55 Electrical System - by Dennis Hawkins. My old Oliver Super 55 has been just sitting and rusting for several years now. I really hate to see a good tractor being treated that way, but not being able to start it without a 30 minute point filing ritual every time contributed to its demise. If it would just start when I turn the key, then I would use it more often. In addition to a bad case of old age, most of the tractor's original electrical system was simply too unreliable to keep. The main focus of this page is to show how I upgr
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