Let's start with basic laws of electricity. Work performed by an electric motor is measured in Watts x Time (eg. Joules or watt hour). Watts = Volts x Amps. 1 HP = 746 Watts.
If you need 746 Watts for a 1 HP motor at 110V, that is 6.8 Amps. To run that same motor on 220V, that is 3.4 amps per 110V leg. The Ampacity (determined by AWG) of a wire indicates NOT how much Voltage it will carry, but how many Amps it will carry. Watts does not change for DC vs. AC current. The work performed by 100 Amps at 6 volts, will also be performed by 50 Amps at 12 volts. This also assumes a constant Resistance. Resistance also changes in a wire as tempurature changes, so heat is generated by the flow of Amps, not voltage.
So, the bottom line conclusion, using too small an AWG for a 6 volts system produces poor performance, and performance decreases as the wire/cable heats up. A 12Volt system will require less Amps to perform the same amount of work, so hence smaller cables work.
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Today's Featured Article - Identifying Tractor Noises - by Curtis Von Fange. Listening To Your Tractor : Part 3 - In this series we are continuing to learn the fine art of listening to our tractor in hopes of keeping it running longer. One particularly important facet is to hear and identify the particular noises that our
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