Maybe a description of what happens in the alternator will help clarify why a resistor or diode is needed in the #1 terminal. Here is a link to the service manual for that series alternators.
If you follow the wiring diagram for the regulator you will see that the #1 terminal is connected directly to one of the brushes to provide electrical power to the rotor to create the magnetic field necessary for the alternator to operate. The regulator controls the connection of the other brush to ground to control the voltage. You can also see that the diode trio inside the alternator provides power internally once the alternator starts to charge.
This internal connection is also why there should be some sort of current limitation on the circuit for the #1 terminal. Without some sort of current limitation the entire output of the alternator will be available at the terminal if the connection between the output stud and the battery should become an open circuit.
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