No. Nothing regulates the pressure. The cap is more a safety valve.
The thermostat is set to a specific tempeture. If the system exceeds the tempeture, the cap provides a release. The reason for the pressure cap is to prevent the hoses from blowing. The system tempeture to some extent determines the pressure rating for the cap. Water boils at 212F normally. At 5psi it may be up around 225F. At 10 its like 250F.
So if you are GM and want the engine to run at 210F under normal conditions, you need the additional tempeture surge room (normal fluctuations caused while driving). By using a cap that rated at 10psi, you can spike the temp to 250F without it boiling over.
Down side is when it goes, it really blows. As the pressure has gone away, All the water in the system boils almost instantly.
Keep in mind this is for a properly operating system. If you have a compression leak, the system would eventually build up enough pressure to cause it to pop.
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Today's Featured Article - Grain Threshing in the Early 40's - by Jerry D. Coleman. How many of you can sit there and say that you have plowed with a mule? Well I would say not many, but maybe a few. This story is about the day my Grandfather Brown (true name) decided along with my parents to purchase a new Ford tractor. It wasn't really new except to us. The year was about 1967 and my father found a good used Ford 601 tractor to use on the farm instead of "Bob", our old mule. Now my grandfather had had this mule since the mid 40's and he was getting some age on him. S
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