Easiest way to tell is just go by engine size. The rest can be very misleading. The only thing that's changed is that an overhead-valve version of an engine can make a bit more power for it's size as compared to a flat-head. A 10 horse flat head often gained 1.5 to 2 horse when switched to overhead valves. Note also that diesel engines always have less power then gas engine if aspirated the same and with same bore and stroke. That is why tractors sold at a certain power level will have bigger diesels to make up for the loss.
20-30 years ago -
A 3 horse engine was 7 3/4 cubic inches or 127 ccs.
A 4 horse was 10.5 c.i. or 172 ccs. A 5 horse was 12 c.i. or 197 ccs. A 10 horse was 24 c.i. or 393 ccs. A 16 horse was 32.4 or 531 ccs.
Besides all that, direct-drive push mowers often post specs at RPMs that engine are not legally permitted to run due to blade-tip-speed regs.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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