Easiest way to tell is just go by engine size. The rest can be very misleading. The only thing that's changed is that an overhead-valve version of an engine can make a bit more power for it's size as compared to a flat-head. A 10 horse flat head often gained 1.5 to 2 horse when switched to overhead valves. Note also that diesel engines always have less power then gas engine if aspirated the same and with same bore and stroke. That is why tractors sold at a certain power level will have bigger diesels to make up for the loss.
20-30 years ago -
A 3 horse engine was 7 3/4 cubic inches or 127 ccs.
A 4 horse was 10.5 c.i. or 172 ccs. A 5 horse was 12 c.i. or 197 ccs. A 10 horse was 24 c.i. or 393 ccs. A 16 horse was 32.4 or 531 ccs.
Besides all that, direct-drive push mowers often post specs at RPMs that engine are not legally permitted to run due to blade-tip-speed regs.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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