A JD 4010 static timing is set at TDC not running. This is with the side timing window off the injection pump and the flywheel at TDC. Make sure you have not turned the engine backward. If you have then go far enough backward then turn back forward to TDC. You need the back lash out of the drive gears.
The 14 degrees they are talking about is through the timing window when running at full engine speed. You have to have a clear window that is marked with timing marks. It is adjusted by allen screw on the lower side of the pump.
If you have taken the pump to a shop that has a test stand they usually will set the advance while they test the pump.
You set the static timing at TDC. An injection pump is not like a gas ignition system. You don't set the running timing by rotating the pump. You set it to TDC static timing by rotating the pump. To set the running timing you adjust the internal pump pressure that rotates the cam ring advance. This is what you measure with the temporary clear timing window. The timing window is Stanadyne # 13366. They usually are less than ten dollars.
I would pull the injectors an take them and the injection pump to a pump repair shop not a JD dealer. The dealer is going to send it to some else to repair and set. So why pay a markup to him.
You really need to get a service manual or you are going to scrap your pump. Email me if you want to talk. I will email ph#
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