Russel has it. I will ad that the making of calcium carbide is not easy nor very safe. The safety of acetylene is troublesome as well. C2H2 (subscript 2s) is unstable at more than 15 psi. It also takes careful mixing of water and calcium carbide within a gassification chamber to slake the carbide into lime releasing the acetylene. The failure to regulate the process causes explosions (some serious and destructive). Miner"s lamps were just such devices. I have two of these. One is an 1950 Justrite brand brass body, and the other is plastic. The brass is a version still in production of the 1800s lamp. I have had the brass one explode (actually it just pushed itself apart and made fire in my hands rather radically (gloves, no burns). The fuel gas is piped to a orifice that directs a "jet" of C2H2 into air at the focus of a parabolic mirror (often) to make a flame based illumination. The hydrogen produces almost no usable light (pale blue) but the carbon burns with a bright white flame. Acetylene is expensive today because (As far as I know it is produced only in KY (for industrial mass consumption - welding). In welding tanks it is at 250psi only because it is compressed into acetone liquid, and a matrix of cellulose like packing in the cylinder. This solution fizzes out to allow a regulator to control it to 5 to 7 psi for torch use. I believe you wanted to know this much. Jim
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