These transmissions are controlled by the powertrain PCM. They have no capability for range selection other than the selector lever. That is, there is no governor or other mechanism for mechanically regulating operating range. NOW, having said that, the basics are that the trans has sensors reading input and output speeds. This is how the PCM determines what range the trans is in. There are also a number of pressure sensors on the valve body that relay info to the PCM as to which hydraulic circuits are pressurized. Failure to shift into 3rd can be caused by solenoid failures as well as mechanical failures within the trans. To isolate which is the problem, I would start with a scan tool and see what transmission codes are stored - there will most likely be at least one trans related code. If the code indicates an incorrect gear ratio such as "incorrect 3rd gear ratio," it would point to an internal mechanical failure. If you have a solenoid failure, it would indicate that as a different code that would translate to a solenoid failure. Today's electronically controlled transmissions are not terribly difficult to diagnose, but do require at least a minimal scan tool. I have been rebuilding /repairing automatic transmissions for over 40 years. I do not know the exact powerflow in this unit, but it is likely similar to the 4L60/4L65 units.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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