They were simply a hydraulic gear pump inside a drum/reservoir, in series with the drive mechanism. NO motor, just a pump and a restictor mechanism.
To go FAST, you moved a lever that operated a valve that closed off the output of the pump, effectively locking it up, so the pump body/drum turned along with the input shaft (less a tiny amount of slip).
To slow down, the valve was opened to a degree that allowed enough oil flow out of the pump discharge back to the reservoir to let the pump "slip" a certain amount, to get the desired output speed.
There was (of course) no feedback mechanism, and they "slipped" more at a given lever setting as the oil warmed up, requiring the operator to fiddle with the control to maintain exact speed.
The drums were deeply finned to aid in cooling the oil as much as possible.
Bottom line is the were VERY crude and inefficient, and inaccurate in speed control, compared to a modern hydrostatic unit.
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Today's Featured Article - 12-Volt Conversions for 4-Cylinder Ford 2000 & 4000 Tractors - by Tommy Duvall. After two summers of having to park my old 1964 model 4000 gas 4 cyl. on a hill just in case the 6 volt system, for whatever reason, would not crank her, I decided to try the 12 volt conversion. After some research of convert or not, I decided to go ahead, the main reason being that this tractor was a working tractor, not a show tractor (yet). I did keep everything I replaced for the day I do want to restore her to showroom condition.
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