Sorry, I got home too late last night but here I am again finally with more thoughts:
I see no reason why you cant take power out of your Garage panel (if that's your choice) to the new building PROVIDED the garage panel has sufficient ampacity and will accept a 2 pole breaker big enough to supply the new building loads????????? THATS A BIG PROVIDED!!!!! So don't have a calf Billy Bob
RECALL if the Garage was fed off the house main panel, under new code it should have been fed with 4 instead of only 3 wires, while if grandfathered in or under old code, 3 sufficed.
That being said and if you choose to leave it (garage) as is (3 wires) Id treat it as a Separately Derived Source and in that case (like used to be done) I WOULD BOND THE NEUTRAL AND GROUND BUSSES TOGETHER (may or may not have to mount a ground buss) same as at the house main panel. If it were under the new code and treated as a sub panel off the houses main panel, the Neutral and Ground Busses would be kept separate and isolated.
With the 3 wire feed to the garage, the Neutral needs bonded to a proper Grounding Electrode (such as a driven rod or rods etc) via a usual No 4 bare copper wire GroundING Electrode Conductor and that bond is usually at one of 3 places: 1) Up at the weatherhead riser where aerial Neutral splices to Neutral down the riser pole: 2) Inside the meter base (but you have none there): 3) Inside the panel to the Neutral Buss.
FINALLY to be under the new code and if you feed the new building out of the garage panel if theres enough ampacity and a big enough breaker available
ID DEFINITELY FEED THE NEW BUILDING WITH 4 WIRES AND TREAT THE NEW BUILDING AS A SUB PANEL in which case you run 4 wires (for 120/240), Two UnGrounDED hot phase conductors, One Neutral Grounded Conductor,,,,,,One Equipment Grounding Conductor and at the new buildings sub panel the Neutral and Ground Busses are kept separate and isolated.
Finally every buildings electrical service requires grounding, so if the new building is a separate structure you need another GroundING Electrode (driven rod or rods etc) but in this case (4 wire feed) its connected to the Equipment Ground Buss instead of the Neutral as I understand it (but Im rusty on new codes remember)
AGAIN it depends on if you leave the garage as the old 3 wire (will still work) and if you feed the new building out of the garage and if the new building is considered as a separate building or not so don't let Billy Bob have a calf as the above depends on those differences so may or may not be right depending on some facts.
Nuff said, remember not being there and unsure of the new structure and if its separate or not and unsure of the house to garage wiring and unsure of latest codes NO WARRANTY
Soooooooo consult with local authority and utility providers and/or current practicing professional electricians (more familiar with later codes them myself) instead of myself or Billy Bob.................
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