Brandon, as you probably know I'm Mr. Safety and always preaching that and admire you for wanting to make things safer.
THAT BEING SAID
What you have is the way it was done for yearssssssssssssss and yes later versions of the NEC require 4 wires to a sub panel (True it is better, otherwise the NEC experts would have left things as is I'm sure).
Your statement "I want to add the fourth wire for a dedicated ground for safety." bears merit.
HOWEVER the shop branch circuits (assuming they likely have the equipment GroundING Conductor) already have a functioning dedicated ground for safety as it provides a low resistance fault current return path back to the shops panel so the breaker trips and de energizes the circuit and saves your life.
Under the old system when they just ran 3 wires out to a shop, once there the Neutral was again earth grounded PLUS the Neutral and Ground Busses were tied together the same as was done in the homes main service entrance panel. Still if an appliance fed from that panel experienced a short to case frame and if the case frame is properly bonded to the equipment GroundING Conductor (i.e. a 3 wire cord and plug) ITS STILL SAFE AND THE BREAKER TRIPS AND THATS REGARDLESS IF YOU RAN 3 OR 4 WIRES FROM HOUSE TO SHOP.
Alllllll Im trying to do is explain that YES the 4 wire system is better HOWEVER the old 3 wire still already has what you call a "dedicated ground for safety" if its wired correctly.
YES Billy Bob, I prefer and the latest NEC requires 4 wires but I just want to explain to Brandon that he already has a safety ground (if its all wired right) in the old 3 wire system.
What the 4 wire system provides is an isolated fault current return path allllllllllll the way back to the main so fault current doesn't have to flow in the same wire as Neutral return current and so you're not mixin and matching Neutral and Grounds etc.
PS True in a 4 wire sub panel Neutral and Ground Busses must be kept separate and isolated HOWEVER when modifying buss bars don't forget that the panels metal tub, being similar to a non current carrying metallic junction box, NEEDS BONDED TO THE EQUIPMENT GROUND BUSS !!!!!!!!!
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