"The bare ground goes to a ground bus, OR it can go to the same neutral bus"
1) If its the initial main service entrance distribution panel, the Neutral Buss and Equipment Ground Buss are connected together on some panels, while on others there may be only one single common buss to which BOTH Neutrals and Grounds are wired.
2) HOWEVER if its a sub panel fed from the main panel above, the Neutral Buss and Equipment Ground Busses are separate (NOT tied together) and electrically isolated from each other in which case Equipment GroundING conductors (bare/green) are wired to the Ground Buss while the White Neutrals are connected to the Neutral Buss.
" and the big bare No. 6 bare copper ground wire carries all the neutral current, and maybe the fault ground current down to the 8' driven ground rod."
What you refer to as "the big bare No 6 copper ground wire" is actually the "Grounding Electrode Conductor" which leads to a "Grounding Electrode" (may be driven into earth copper rod or rods or other suitable electrodes).
IT DOES NOTTTTTTTTT CARRY ALL THE NEUTRAL CURRENT, (usually it carries NO current) the Neutral current is carried from the panel out to the utility transformer by the Neutral (aerial drop or buried) Conductor.
Hope this helps.
John T, Retired Electrical Distribution Design Engineer
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