Actually a GFCI trips by sensing a CURRENT (NOT voltage as stated) DIFFERENCE in the Hot Ungrounded Line conductor "current" and the Neutral Grounded Conductor "current". There's a torroidal coil encircling the Line and Neutral and as some know current passing through a coil induces a voltage. HOWEVER if the incoming line and outgoing neutral currents are the same they cancel, so there's zero net current so no voltage gets induced into the torroidal coil. ITS THE "CURRENT" not Voltage DIFFERENCE (Hot and Neutral) THAT TRIPS A GFCI........
HOWEVER if theres a fault leakage whereby all the current flowing in the hot is NOT all being returned by the Neutral the current difference (something like 5 milliamps) sends a signal which trips the GFCI breaker.
NOW BOTH the metallic receptacle or junction box PLUS the green grounding terminal on the GFCI (or any) receptacle must be grounded.
Sooooooooo if the GFCI trips by connecting its Grounding receptacle to the Box THERE MUST BE A FAULT/SHORT by which some current flowing in the hot isn't all being returned by the Neutral.
Soooooooooo where's that short/fault?? Maybe a wire has bad or stripped insulation and is touching the metal box?????????? I think I would check all the wires coming into and exiting that box as well as the circuit that goes to that box or exits it..The fault circuit isn't completed until the box comes into the equation.
Other problems such as mixing and matching or crossing Neutrals and Equipment Grounds can come into play, but Id start looking at that box and all its wiring first. Have one of those three prong testers that verifies proper wiring???
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