You have identified the problems, the adjusting levers get worn and the dial really doesn't mean much.....
Dad would close down the meters and then open thrm to what he wanted, so the levers were always pulled from the same direction.
Typically for oats folks want 3 bu to the acre planted, but you might not want a full crop for some reason, alfalfa seeded with or so.
Your meters will end up looking more like your top photo, half or less open.
Beyond that you need to fill with a measured amount of oats, drive a known amount of feet, and see if you get close to what you wanted.
Take -good- notes and improve for next year on the setting.
So, here is how to start out:
Plan on planting 30 lbs per acre on your 5 acres.
Set the drill up as best you can guess for that.
Put 5 bu of oats in the hopper.
Plant 2.5 acres.
Look in the box, see if you used about 1/2 the oats in the box.
Finish planting the 5 acres, watching if you about run out at about the time you are done planting.
Then repeat, replanting the same 5 acres with the same setting.
In case it planted less than you thought the first pass, you can up the rate. Or if it planted too heavy, you can cut back for th second pass.
You will know how your drill plants from this and in future years get real close to just right on a single pass when you set it about double this half rate.
It is common to set the drill at a best first guess, plant too darn thick, run out of seed, and not much to do then. With the half rate you can recover from the guessing and learn if your drill plants too heavy or too light.
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