A particulate filter is just that - a filter. Traps the little particles that a diesel emits otherwise known as soot.
A catalytic converter is a device that somehow modifies a chemical reaction without itself becoming part of that reaction. In this case, it either completes combustion by breaking down unburned fuel (HC) or breaks down oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Diesels are comparatively cleaner than gas engines in terms of CO and HC emissions, but higher on NOx emissions due to higher combustion chamber temperatures. BUT, diesels also emit a significant amount of particulate matter - mostly soot. Now, with the tier 4 requirements, there are a lot more emission controls on diesels.
BTW, just because you cannot see them, there are still emission controls on many seemingly uncontrolled engines. Among them are camshaft profile, injector spray patterns, injection pump timing profile, and a few others I may have forgotten. These controls are built into an engine from day one, and are not visible as an "emission device" as we think of it.
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Today's Featured Article - 12-Volt Conversions for 4-Cylinder Ford 2000 & 4000 Tractors - by Tommy Duvall. After two summers of having to park my old 1964 model 4000 gas 4 cyl. on a hill just in case the 6 volt system, for whatever reason, would not crank her, I decided to try the 12 volt conversion. After some research of convert or not, I decided to go ahead, the main reason being that this tractor was a working tractor, not a show tractor (yet). I did keep everything I replaced for the day I do want to restore her to showroom condition.
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