I know the entire electrical system is a complete unit functioning on 24V. But for someone who is not familiar with the system it is easier to look at the individual systems. It is even easier to see if the tractors have been changed so they no longer use the small wire to the chassis from the battery but rather have both batteries grounded to the chassis. Both my 3010 and 4010 were wired that way when I got them. They still function the same way in that the electrical system uses both series and parallel circuits. For example, half of the lights are connected together in a parallel circuit and that circuit is connected in series to the other half of the lights which are also connected together in a parallel circuit.
The system functions very similar to the electrical system in a house and that might be a better way to explain it to someone familiar with household wiring. You have two 120V leads entering a house along with a neutral circuit. You can use 240 volts by going between the two 120V leads. You can use 120V by going between one 120V lead and the neutral line. As long as the load is equal on the two 120 leads there is no current flowing in the neutral lead. As long as the load is equal on both batteries there is no current flowing through the small wire connecting the batteries to the chassis even though you are using 12V circuits. The starting and charging circuits will always be 24V and works completely independent of the chassis. On the 12V parts of the circuits the chassis comes into play only if the load between the two batteries in not equal. Since the draw between the two sides of the 12V circuits (one negative ground in relation to the chassis and the other positive ground) will never be exactly then same there will always be some current flow in the small wire between the chassis and batteries. Using battery cables connected to the chassis instead of going directly from one battery to the next changes nothing other than you must also provide additional fuses or circuit breakers when the small wire with fuse is removed.
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Today's Featured Article - A Cautionary Tale - by Ian Minshull. In the early 1950s my father bought an Allis Chalmers B and I used it for all the row crop work with the mangolds and potatoes, rolling and the haymaking on our farm. The farm and the Allis were sold and I have spent a lifetime working on farms throughout the country. I promised myself that one day I would own an Allis. That time event
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