Popping or puffing through the intake has to be either the intake valve not sealing or the exhaust valve not opening or barely opening. White smoke is unburned fuel, usually caused by low compression.
This won't diagnose your problem but it might help you suspect which cylinder(s) are unhealthy. On a cold engine unplug glow plugs and measure resistance of the glow plugs ( tip to ground ) you need good glow plugs for this to work but on a cold engine they should read pretty low or at least below 10 ohms. Now start the engine and warm it up. What happens to the glow is the resistance will increase the hotter they get, a weak cylinder will be colder than a healthy one so you should see low resistance on the suspect cylinder. Typical healthy cylinder will be 15-25ohms and weak/dead cylinder will stay low or under 10 ohms.
An infrared temp gun pointed at each exh manifold runner should identify a weak/dead cylinder too.
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Today's Featured Article - A Lifetime of Farm Machinery - by Joe Michaels. I am a mechanical engineer by profession, specializing in powerplant work. I worked as a machinist and engine erector, with time spent overseas. I have always had a love for machinery, and an appreciation for farming and farm machinery. I was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Not a place one would associate with farms or farm machinery. I credit my parents for instilling a lot of good values, a respect for learning, a knowledge of various skills and a little knowledge of farming in me, amo
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