Posted by Andy Martin on November 20, 2015 at 18:08:54 from (209.213.149.120):
In Reply to: Listening... posted by Dave H (MI) on November 20, 2015 at 08:48:38:
Finished product pipelines are usually batched to transport different products. Some companies use pigs to separate batches but most product is just shipped end to end. Only a few hundred feet of product gets mixed over more than a hundred miles. The mixture is downgraded as scrap into a lower value product. Water cannot be used to separate batches of finished product for several reasons: each product has a maximum water contamination amount, water in the pipeline is corrosive, and water in valves will freeze and make the valves stick. Water could be used in crude pipelines because there is always produced water in crude lines anyway. Crude and finished products are never batched in the same pipeline; the crude would discolor the product and put it off spec.
Ethanol attacks the welds in steel unless the welds are post weld heat treated. Existing pipelines do not have post weld heat treated welds, so ethanol is trucked to terminals and blended at the terminal as it is loaded into transports to go to stations. Some effort has gone into installing pure ethanol pipelines in high traffic areas but for the most part it's too expensive.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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