Salts lower the freezing point of a solvent expressed by the formula DT =Kf*B*I
where DT is the change in freezing point compared to the pure solvent (water in this case)
Kf is a constant for the solvent
B is the molal concentration of the salt in solution (more salt = higher number)
and I is the van't Hoff factor which is the number of ions given up my each molecule of salt (NaCl = 2, CaCl2 = 3)
Do the math and to increase the DT you either need to increase your salt concentration or use a salt that gives up more ions in solution. Calcium Chloride depresses freezing point 50% further using the same amount of salt. Eventually it gets so cold that you can't economically melt ice.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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