If there is current flowing in a conductor , there is voltage drop.
Example . Way out there at yonder cow shed with lights and beat trace drawing 12 amps which is being supplied with 120V from the transformer . There is voltage drop on both the line and neutral conductors so the heaters and lights maybe receiving 110V.
Line 1 has dropped 5 volts and is 115. VoLTs with relation to earth/ground . The neutral out at yonder shed end has also dropped 5V and is now 5 Volts above true earth potential.
Now Bubba our jackleg electrican who knows more than the electrical engineers , bonds the ground system at yonder shed to the neutral at yonder shed .
Let's say now half the neutral current is now flowing on the neutral system, with 2.5 volts drop. The other half of the neutral current is flowing in the ground system with 2.5 volts drop.
No surprise here as grounding systems are not a solid no resistance electrical connection to "earth". Dry or frozen dirt, too small of a grounding system , broken or high resistance connections are the norm.
Now when Old Bossy at yonder cow shed sticks her nose in the water trough. She takes 2.5Volts through the snout to hooves. Livestock feel 2.5V like we feel a 9V battery across the tongue .
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Today's Featured Article - 12-Volt Conversions for 4-Cylinder Ford 2000 & 4000 Tractors - by Tommy Duvall. After two summers of having to park my old 1964 model 4000 gas 4 cyl. on a hill just in case the 6 volt system, for whatever reason, would not crank her, I decided to try the 12 volt conversion. After some research of convert or not, I decided to go ahead, the main reason being that this tractor was a working tractor, not a show tractor (yet). I did keep everything I replaced for the day I do want to restore her to showroom condition.
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