As much as things have moved forward in diesel design, some things remain the same. I say that because a lot of the small diesels have gone back to precombustion chamber style design. When CAT had larger, precombustion chamber engines years ago, they recommended energizing the glow plugs for a few seconds before starting, even on a hot day. On the colder days, of course, a longer period of preheating was required. Given that a diesel runs by compression ignition, having the combustion chamber warm is a BIG help in getting the engine started, especially when it's cold outside.
Now days the same things hold just as true as they have since the first glow plug was used to help start a diesel. The main difference is now it's electronically controlled, based upon engine temp, to help keep the emission down upon startup. In other words, a warm engine/combustion chamber will start with less smoke than a cold one.
As far as the turbo, you don't want to go from a full load immediately to a complete stop. IF your pulling hard, it's good to give the turbo time to slow down, as well as cool down a bit. In normal operation, it won't take but a minute or two for it to be OK to shut the engine off.
Talking about the turbo also, using a good oil makes a world of difference in the life of a turbo. I had a customer going through them every 8 months or so on his air compressor engines. In his case there was no way to change the fact the engines started and went immediately to around 1300 RPM, and shut down from the same speed (as opposed to 500 +/- like a most engines). I got him started using a better brand oil and we started getting more than 2 years out of them before replacement was needed.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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