Efficiency is a measure of the engine's useful work output per the amount of fuel consumed. As the load is increased the efficiency typically increases and becomes a maximum at about 80% of the engine's maximum output. As load is increased to greater than 80% the efficiency tends to decrease. At idle the engine is consuming fuel however, the engine is not connected to an external load. Since there is no useful work output, the efficency is zero. The only engine load is to over come friction, drive the cooling pump/fan, alternator, etc. Once an external load is applied we have useful work output and efficiency, however fuel consumption will increase to produce the additional power. In a similar manner as a truck's weight is increased the engine may be operating in a more efficient load range, however the fuel mileage will decrease due to the additional power production required.
Heavy truck engines are typically designed for lower RPM operation, which in part provides for increased life. HP = (torque x rpm) / 5252; if power is to remain the same then the engine's torque output must increase. The higher torque can be obtained by increasing the engine's displacement and/or cylinder pressure. Given equal HP of a high speed or low speed engine the driving force (torque at the rear alxe) can remain the same by selection of the proper gear ratios in the transmission/rear end.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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