yes the battery needs to be charged a longer time to help charge it up, and also overcome a weaker cell as the other better cells will take the charge first.
Second.. the alternator is made to put out full current for days on end and has a fan built into it for cooling. So unless you you have a bad diode or a defective alternator, or a shorted cell, it will simply do what its designed to do.
Third.. at a idle or low rpms, it will not put out anywhere near full power. So sitting and idling will only put out less than a third of full current.
Forth.. as the battery voltage comes up... the charge WILL taper to keep the voltage at or near 14.2 to 14.55 volts. So after an 30 minutes or so of higher rpm driving, the regulator cuts the charge back quickly to a lower rate, usually less that half of full current after 20 to 30 minutes.. (unless the battery has bad cells)
Fifth.. old batteries are usually sulfated up,, meaning that they cant absorb high current charge or put out high current anymore, so these batteries cut back on current very very quickly and only a long long charge will have any chance of helping them all though it will be a low current,, usually less than 10 amps. Sometimes a long slow charge will boil off enough sulfate to all the cells to produce the correct amount of current again.
sixth.. if a battery is left discharged more than 24 hours, its possible that the cells were sulfated up and the sulfate became hard.... and its life was reduced or damaged to the point of no longer usable.
seventh.. the battery could simply be at the end of its life anyway and no amount of charging is going to fix it.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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