A quick test would be to connect a volt meter or test light to the battery side of the solenoid, ground the other lead.
Try the starter, if the light dims to nearly nothing, or the voltage drops below about 10 volts, there is a battery or connection problem.
If the light stays bright, or the voltage high, move the test lead to the starter side of the solenoid.
If the light or meter drop, the problem is the solenoid.
If the voltage stays high, it's the starter, starter cable, loose connection at the starter. Feel for hot connections.
As for replacing the solenoid, some special solenoids don't ground through the bracket. The coil connection is the 2 small terminals. If it is wired that way, an automotive solenoid won't work safely. Using an automotive solenoid could cause the neutral start safety switch to be bypassed. Check the configuration of the old one with an ohm meter. If there is continuity across the small terminals, it is a special. Those can be bought, just not as common as automotive.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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