No, you were right the first time. 60Hz 'switches direction' 120 per second. The first quarter phase is up, then from the + peak to the - peak(2nd and 3rd quarter phase) it is going down(1st change), then from the - peak back to 0deg it is again going up. Or, if started from 90deg at plus peak, one could say it crosses the zero phase line twice.
As for the welder, if it's hot, you may be just overheating it. Most big sparky welders have a large fan, make sure that's turning. There should be vents in the case, and make sure they are not covered or clogged.
All old sparky welders have a 'duty cycle'. The duty cycle decreases with rise in amps. That means you can weld for x seconds, then idle for y seconds. If you are using a high amp load this could be the duty cycle limitation, although that would be typically affecting both AC and DC.
Smell the unit right as it stops putting out current, tell me if you smell hot lacquer, or a burning plastic kind of smell. That would be a breakdown of the transformer wire shellac (junk if so).
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