There is usually a vent hole on the pump. Any sign of leakage there indicates a bad pump diaphragm.
Assuming this is a cam driven mechanical pump, it should deliver a shot of fuel every other crankshaft revolution. You can check it cranking or disconnect the line, start it up, direct the flow into a clean glass. If the flow is only a dribble, or pumping more air than fuel, something is wrong with the delivery. Best to be ready and check it as soon as the failure occurs.
It can also be a restriction on the suction side of the pump, loose or cracked hose letting it suck air, or a non vented cap causing vacuum in the tank.
If the pump checks good, there may be a screen in the inlet to the carb, or trash in the jets. Look at what was caught in the glass. If contaminated, that will also be in the carb bowl. The carb is simple, don't be afraid to open it up and take a look. Usually they can be cleaned and reassembled without a kit. Work over a clean surface so anything dropped can be found.
Also, have you checked the spark quality? A weak spark, bad plugs, points out of adjustment, failing coil can cause similar symptoms. Again, check it asap upon failure. It should have a strong spark at the plug end of the wire that will jump 1/4" to ground.
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