Your generator might have an unregulated DC output. As for the 48 volt measurement, that would be unusual for a GOOD battery. I suspect your battery is bad.
If you look up the part for the rectifier, is it described as a "rectifier" or a "regulator/rectifier"? If it's the former, most likely it's unregulated. If it does use a rectifier/regulator, note that most small engines use a "shunting" regulator. A shunting regulator shorts out the alternator output each time it exceeds the regulated voltage. Typically the alternator has a three-phase output, so this happens three times per engine revolution (maybe six times per rev, depending on the design). It takes a finite length of time for the solid state switches in the regulator to turn on, which would explain the spikes visible on your friend's scopemeter. You would not see them if the battery was good and you had a good connection to the battery.
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Today's Featured Article - Listening to Your Tractor - by Curtis Von Fange. Years ago there was a TV show about a talking car. Unless you are from another planet, physically or otherwise, I don’t think our internal combustion buddies will talk and tell us their problems. But, on the other hand, there is a secret language that our mechanical companions readily do speak. It is an interesting form of communication that involves all the senses of the listener. In this series we are going to investigate and learn the basic rudimentary skills of understanding this lingo.
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