Are you asking about strongest, as in ability to apply power? That is determined by the bore, calculated by PSI x area. Extend force is greater than retract on a single ended cylinder, just deduct the area of the rod to get retract force. Same applies to all cylinders regardless of design.
Strongest as far as abuse, buckling, grit resistance? Typically the welded cylinder will tolerate more real world abuse. It is physically stronger due to the nature of it's construction. But, there are many considerations, such as end travel cushions to prevent slamming, stroke limiters to prevent buckling, extra duty scraper seal to keep grit out. But the most effective factor for either type is application design. Getting the proper geometry, pressure rating, force needed, mounting, and protection from damage.
Advantages vs. disadvantages. The welded is more compact, more economical, forgiving of abuse. It is more difficult to service, most are replaced instead of repaired. There are some welded cylinders that are somewhat repairable, the ones with threaded end caps, some held together with snap rings, etc. But, comes with a price, another area to fail.
The tie rod cylinders are more expensive, more bulky, prone to loosen up under severe use. They are easier and more practical to repair.
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Today's Featured Article - Earthmaster Project Progress Just a little update on my Earthmaster......it's back from the dead! I pulled the head, and soaked the stuck valves with mystery oil overnight, re-installed the head, and bingo, the compression returned. But alas, my carb foiled me again, it would fire a second then flood out. After numerous dead ends for a replacement carb, I went to work fixing mine.I soldered new floats on the float arm, they came from an old motorcycle carb, replaced the packing on the throttle shaft with o-rings, cut new ga
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