A test light will be the easiest. Have an assistant operate the starter while you check for voltage at various points.
During the testing, be extremely aware that the engine could crank any time! Be sure the tractor is in neutral, stay clear of moving parts!
Have the assistant crank until the problem occurs, then hold the start switch while you check for voltage.
Check across the battery, the cable ends, positive post to ground. What you are looking for is any place that should have voltage, but doesn't under load. Also feel for heat, look for smoke, heat discoloration, corrosion. Check all the way to the starter cable connection. There should always be voltage between the top battery post of the starter and the starter case. If no power there, there is a bad connection, a loose cable, bad ground, etc.
Next check power to the "S" terminal on the solenoid. Ground the test light clip, check for voltage on the S terminal when the ignition in the start position. If no voltage, the problem is in the ignition switch, power to the ignition switch, the neutral safety switch, or a loose connection in that circuit.
If power to the S terminal, and no cranking, try shorting from the battery cable to the S terminal with a screwdriver or heavy wire. If that makes it crank, there could be enough voltage drop to not pull in the solenoid. If that is the case, get back with us, that is fixable, just involved.
If shorting the S terminal to the battery terminal does nothing, hold the starter switch to start, check for voltage on the starter post (the terminal that goes into starter case) to the starter case. If voltage there, and no cranking, there is an open circuit inside the starter. Most likely bad brushes, an easy fix.
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Today's Featured Article - When Push Comes to Shove - by Dave Patterson. When I was a “kid” (still am to a deree) about two I guess, my parents couldn’t find me one day. They were horrified (we lived by the railroad), my mother thought the worst: "He’s been run over by a train, he’s gone forever!" Where did they find me? Perched up on the seat of the tractor. I’d probably plowed about 3000 acres (in my head anyway) by the time they found me. This is where my love for tractors started and has only gotten worse in my tender 50 yrs on this “green planet”. I’m par
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