OK at the beginning. Did Roosevelt know? Sure. He knew something was going to happen but he was being advised by the Navy. The problem with that is the top people in the Navy were "battleship" admirals. They honestly looked at the aircraft carrier and naval aviation as support for the fleet. Many refused to be believe that aircraft could hit ship underway and maneuvering and there was no way they could sink a battleship. They had picket ships out from Pearl Harbor and thought that if the Japanese would be so foolish as to attack Pearl Harbor that the ships at Pearl would have plenty of time to build steam and sally forth to meet the Japanese fleet. What they expected was an attack someplace but they envisioned ships standing off shore and lobbing shells. And that's what they advised the president. So while Roosevelt knew something was going to happen he had been advised that at sea, battleship against battleship the US Navy could fight and win. IT was not a sneak attack. That much we know. But it was a surprise in that the Navy brass were shocked and surprised at 1: the method of attack 2: the damage inflicted 3: the Japanese failure to actually invade and occupy Hawaii after such a successful attack.
Now as for the bombs. Certain people at high enough levels in Japan had tried to get the Russians to intercede and get us to settle for terms. The problem was that they didn't have the power or authority to actually negotiate a surrender. All they could have done was tell the prime minster and emperor that the US was willing to discuss terms. That could have gone either way. That could have seen them as heroes having ended the war or villains executed for displaying a defeatist attitude. Today some revisionists are trying to claim it would have worked and had the US been willing to talk the bombs would have been needed. Tojo was still in power through the middle of July 45. No way he would have backed down. He stepped down a mere 3 weeks before the first bomb was dropped.
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Today's Featured Article - A Lifetime of Farm Machinery - by Joe Michaels. I am a mechanical engineer by profession, specializing in powerplant work. I worked as a machinist and engine erector, with time spent overseas. I have always had a love for machinery, and an appreciation for farming and farm machinery. I was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Not a place one would associate with farms or farm machinery. I credit my parents for instilling a lot of good values, a respect for learning, a knowledge of various skills and a little knowledge of farming in me, amo
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