THANKS SO MUCH for an excellent question. While its impossible to explain in a paragraph what may take electricians or electrical engineers a lot of education and experience to understand, I will try my best as an electrical power distribution design engineer to provide a very basic non perfect non exact answer so lay persons might possibly better understand it, HERE GOES MY BEST EFFORT:
1) The Neutral conductor is an insulated hot current carrying conductor. Its purposely insulated so you don't accidentally come in contact with in in which case your body/heart could become a parallel current carrier killing you dead. ITS INSULATED ITS A LIVE HOT CURRENT CARRIER
2) The Equipment GroundING Conductor, if alls well, NEVER CARRIES HOT LIVE NORMAL RETURN CURRENT but ONLY fault current so in the event a hot shorts to case the breaker trips de energizing the circuit and saves your life. Its often BARE and is often actually bonded to an outer metal conductive shell or case of an electrical appliance THAT YOU TOUCH !!!!!!!!!!!!
3) NOW IMAGINE would you want a live hot current carrier (NEUTRAL) bonded to the outer metal case of an appliance you touch ????????????????? Maybe bare footed maybe on a wet floor or near a sink.
4) That's one among others of reasons you NEVER substitute Neutral for Ground or vice versa. Neutral is a hot live (insulated) current carrier while Ground des NOT carry normal return current (ONLY fault current) and is bonded to an appliances outer case/frame
5) Even a lay person not trained or experienced as an electrician or electrical engineer should HOPEFULLY understand why the Neutral is insulated (so you cant touch it) and ground is not (its bonded to the tools outer case often a bare copper conductor) THEY ARE NOT THE SAME AND MIXING MATCHING THEM OR SUBSTITUTING ONE FOR ANOTHER MAY GET YOU KILLED
DISCLAIMER its not a shame if a person not trained and experienced as an electrician or electrical engineer might not understand this THE ABOVE CAN IN NO WAY EDUCATE A LAY PERSON so dont feel and if you don't.
This is one of those cases where the same as you might trust your doctor or lawyer AN EXPERT in life or death situations. Even if you don't understand it the experts at the NEC and professional electricians and engineers DO UNDERSTAND IT so maybe just maybe when fire and life safety is concerned TRUST THE NEC AND ELECTRICIANS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS...…..Hey they just might understand this better then you or Billy Bob or Bubba ???????????
Sooooooooo thanks Barnyard man for an excellent question GO TO THE HEAD OF THE CLASS LOL Again this can not explain and educate a complex issue to a lay person but dont take my word for it consult professionals trained educated experienced persons in life or death situation same as you trust your doctor if your not a doctor
Best I can do and NOT exact or in depth or perfect but its a start TO A GREAT QUESTION
Thanks so much barnyard, a true gentleman
John T BSEE,JD Retired Electrical Power Distribution Design Engineer who does understand the difference in Neutral and Ground and why mixing and matching or substituting can be a hazard or get you killed. It was years of study and NEC training seminars and experience that taught me this and Im not surprised that any lay person would not understand this BUT THAT DONT MAKE ITS NOT SO does it ???????????
DO NOT touch a hot live current carrying non insulated current carrier !!!!!!! If Neutral is bonded to a tools case (instead of a safety grounding bare conductor) YOU CAN BE KILLED
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