I'm not sure about that. It's kind of murky. The Republic of China is located on Taiwan, while the People's Republic of China is located on the Mainland.
When I was there in 1958, the Republic of China led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek was in exile on Taiwan. I was in a US Marine Corps jet fighter squadron deployed to a Nationalist Chinese Air Force base by PingTung. The reason we were there was there was a major confrontation between Nationalist China (People's Republic) on Taiwan and Red China on the Mainland over the ownership and occupation of the Quemoy and Matsu Islands in the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and the Mainland. For more info than you'd ever want, Google "Second Taiwan Strait Crisis".
The operation wasn't given a lot of publicity at the time because the Cold War was going strong. The U.S. was backing Nationalist China while the old USSR was backing Red China on the mainland. In fact, our Air Group Commander put out a memo the effect that when Marines were off base in an off duty status he "suggested" we wear civilian clothes to lessen the possibility of a political event. When a Bird Colonel makes a suggestion, to the troops it has the weight of a direct order so we wore civilian clothes a lot on Taiwan.
The decisive point came when we rigged a couple dozen NCAF F-86's to carry Sidewinder heat seeking air to air missiles. The NCAF F-86's already enjoyed a substantial positive kill ratio over the Red Chines MIG-17's, suddenly they began picking them off at will from a safe distance resulting in something of a "turkey shoot".
Shortly thereafter there was a scramble for a diplomatic solution.
We Marines who participated were all awarded a medal called the Badge of Honor by the Nationalist Chinese government, and I still have the attached patch on a flight jacket.
I hope I didn't hijack this thread. If I did, I apologize.
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