That transmission is completely computer controlled. It has no mechanism for determining or controlling shift points. If the computer tells it to shift, it shifts. If the computer tells it to be in 3rd gear, it will be in 3rd gear.
Most Ford transmissions have a provision for a manual selection of 2nd gear by putting it into the "2" position.
By default, most electronic transmissions will default to 2nd gear if they lose power from the computer. They will have 2nd, park, neutral, and reverse in that case.
Computer reads input and output sensors to determine what gear the transmission is in. If sensor readings do not agree with commanded gear, an error code is set. Commanded gear depends on engine loading, road speed, and RPM primarily.
In a case like yours the main suspect would be an output sensor. No output speed signal would delay a shift. The fact that it does start out in 1st indicates that some signal is reaching the transmission, since it requires a signal from the computer to activate 1st gear by energizing the appropriate solenoid. Another possible cause would be a bad driver or drivers in the computer. There is also the possibility of just a bit of corrosion on the 120-pin connector at the computer. Grounding is another possible cause.
Every actuator in Ford systems is activated by grounding through drivers in the computer. Everything is always hot when the ignition is on. Computer activates solenoids by completing the circuit to ground. The computer has several wires that go to ground. It is important that they have a good ground throughout the chassis to the battery. A bad ground can cause all sorts of strange things to happen because a circuit with a bad ground can back feed through other circuits to find a path to ground.
Given the possible causes for this problem, there is no one short answer that will fix them all. Each can be caused by something different.
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