Posted by Turkeyfoot on November 03, 2021 at 09:00:39 from (156.26.45.91):
In Reply to: antifreeze freezing posted by DIM on November 03, 2021 at 05:11:23:
As a couple of others have mentioned and Barnyard's graph shows, any liquid (a solvent) that you add something (a solute) to will lower it's freezing point. This is called freezing point depression. So when you add water to pure antifreeze (ethylene glycol) you lower the ethylene glycol's freezing point from its pure freezing point of 9 degrees Fahrenheit. When you add ethylene glycol to water you lower it's freezing point. The minimum freezing point in Barnyard's graph is called a eutectic point. Water's property that Crazy Horse's chem teacher told him about was that upon freezing water forms a hydrogen bonded tetrahedral network that results in an increase in volume (i.e. decrease in density). The shape has to do with the number of outer (valence) electrons that oxygen has. However water is not the only substance that expands upon freezing, but there aren't many. There's at least one more, a metal, and if I remember correctly it is cesium.
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