Unfortunately, it sounds like the starter is having a problem again. Sometimes those Delco starters will break the stop collar and/or the snap ring will come out of place on the end of the shaft that hold the drive in place. This will go unnoticed until the engine it is on does not start. Then this condition causes the problem of the starter staying engaged. This is due to the internal mechanical connection to the solenoid inside the stater by a ..clutch fork.. setup. The starter drive mounts on twisted splines that force the drive to engage in the flywheel. If that stop collar or ring is out of place the twisted splines push the drive to far out of position and through the ..fork.. and mechanism inside hold the solenoid in the ..closed contact.. position and it keeps cranking. When the engine would start the flywheel spins faster so the twisted spline help the drive withdraw from the flywheel and the internal spring over comes the force and separates the contacts so the starter stops spinning. The start aid that Case collector mentioned is an important part of the puzzle. That needs to be operated in cold weather. Also mentioned fuel in the oil causing it to overfill is another issue that was mentioned that could cause the smoking. I would also suggest to see if a mouse or bird has made a nest in your air intake for the engine, that will cause smoke and no power. May also check the electric solenoid is working that pulls the lever on the injection pump to give it fuel to run or stop the engine when denergized. If it has a knob to pull to shut it off it will not have a solenoid but it is important to make sure the lever the cable is pulling on the injection pump is completely returning to the stop in the released position. I am attaching a video that may help explain what I am talking about in the starter. The video is of a large diesel starter such as a semi truck would have, but the principle is the same. The video is talking about another feature but the two terminals on the left are the ones that are contacted by the washer are what is essentially the switch to turn the starter motor on and off. That is what I am talking about being mechanically held in the on position.
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