Nine different diesels here and they all do that to some extent depending on how cold it is outside.
Many things you can contribute it to;
-worn rings
-weak or leaking injector
-low compression
-valve guides or seals
-valve adjustment
-timing
-air restriction
-bad glow plug
-head gaskets
-intake gaskets
-turbo seals
-engine not getting warm when used or idling for long periods can load up the muffler with fuel (slobering/wet stack)
-the list goes on ....
As long as it clears up after warming up and then runs good I don't get too worried about it.
White smoke can be coolant, it can also be excess fuel in a cold engine.
Blue smoke can be oil, at times it can also be fuel.
Black smoke can be fuel, it can also be lack of air.
Smoke from water or coolant tends to dissipate rapidly.
Smoke from fuel dissipates a little quicker, smell is usually quite pronounced, if real heavy it will even give you a burn your eyes feeling.
Smoke from oil tends to linger the longest and the smell is distinct if there is enough of it burning off.
In your case with it giving you some popping sounds my first guess would be an injector is leaking down when parked overnight.
By morning there is a small amount of fuel in that cylinder that will smoke off at start up until the pump can build pressure back up in that line, when that happens it once again can produce a good spray from that injector and that cylinder runs normal with no more popping.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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