If you know this ignore it. Apple and many other fruit trees have moderately deep roots. If the tree is grafted root stock, especially if a dwarf or small format tree type) the graft must be above the ground to prevent root development above the graft. Rooting above the graft can change the growth pattern to normal tree height. The top 8 inches of soil will make little difference to the tree. if bare root trees are purchased, (about 3/4 inch trunk) the planting hole should be about 2 to 2.5 feet deep, and 15 to 18 inches in diameter. Loam soil and composted manure at 50/50 should be used in the bottom of the hole about 2 inches deep. Next a layer of the top soil removed from the hole at the start of the dig, mixed with 30% compost. Use this mix to set the root stock as above, centered and tamped into root contact and watered as the hole is filled. the last soil can be the sub soil (unless it is clay) to level with the grade. more water is then applied. The soil will subside as it compacts, so periodic checks should be made to fill to level all depressed holes. watering to retain moist but not saturated soil is needed until at least a year has passed to avoid stressing the tree as it develops new roots. I have planted hundreds of apple trees and very few had problems. The orchard where I worked had 4000 trees of apple, plum, peach, pear, and cherry. Mice and other rodents can chew tender new trunks, so putting guard tubes on them is a good idea. (talk to other orchardists in your area for advice) Best of luck and welcome to the fruit tree world. Jim
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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