Timing near TDC starts easier, less kick back. Advancing the timing as engine speed increases, keeps the firing at a better time to make the best use of the power stroke, the fire is sooner so pressure in the cylinder builds higher while the piston is nearer the top of the down stroke, and the gas expansion is used for a longer duration of the stroke.
An engine can run without advance but will not develop its potential and there would be a lot of wasted heat out the exhaust.
Some engines use just centrifugal, some use both centrifugal and vacuum. Using both can allow finer tuning of the optimum time to induce the firing as intake system vacuum, not just engine speed is taken into account. There is a lot more to it if you want to study it, but this is some basic info.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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