2 things here: Solenoid internal contacts are pitted due to age and don't have enough surface area to conduct the couple hundred amps or so required to start the engine.
Other thing is that the interconnecting wiring has corroded to the point where again, there isn't adequate surface area to carry the required current. I'd take all my high current (battery +&-) circuit wiring contacts apart and clean them up nice and shiny then reinstall nice and tight. Be sure to include the bolt that holds the - terminal to the tractor mainframe. Inspect the crimp on connections on the cables for old age....replace as necessary.
If you do the cables (first) and that doesn't solve the problem, either take your solenoid apart and clean up the contacts or get another....I have taken several solenoids apart and filed (burnished) the terminal contacts and turned the disc over that's attached to the plunger rod. Never did that on the type that mounts on the starter but I may have my first crack at it on my Case-IH that started acting up yesterday....but first I will do the cable thing.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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