Response below for 28'' on 3X16 and 24 1/2'' on 3X14 is correct. The centre of draft for each BOARD is 1/4 the way across the board, measured from the cutting/coulter edge. The centre of draft for the entire PLOW is the mid-point between the first & last board's centre of draft. For an odd number of boards it's easy: The centre of draft for the plow works out to be is the centre of draft for the middle board - 1/4 the way across the middle board. For an even number of boards, the centre of draft for the plow is the half way point between the centres of draft for the two centre boards. The plow's drawbar should be aligned with the plow's centre of draft.
So for a 3X16 plow, lets say we're measuring from the cutting edge of the right-most board: The centre of draft for the plow (where the drawbar should be) is 16'' over (to the left) minus 4'' (4'' = 1/4 the cutting width of a board), so the plow's line of draft is 12'' from the cutting edge of the right-most board, and the plow's drawbar should be set to this. Add 16'' (board cut width) to that to account for the first board's pass, and that gets where the inside of your tractor's (and plow's) furrow tire should be: 12'' + 16'' = 28''. Thus: The inner edge of the furrow tires should 28'' from the drawbar/plow centre of draft for a 3X16 plow (as the other poster noted below). In the ideal world you have the tractor's drawbar centred and the tractor's tires evenly spaced from this, so inside-to-inside of the tractor tires would be 2X 28'' = 56''.
Similarly for a 3X14: If we measure from the cutting edge of the right-most board, plow centre of draft is 14'' minus 3.5'' = 10.5'' from the right-most board's cutting edge (3.5 is one quarter of 14) . That's where the plow's drawbar should be set. Inside of furrow wheels should be 10.5'' plus 14'' cut width = 24 1/2'' from the plow's drawbar/centre of draft (as other poster noted). If drawbar on tractor is to be centred and tractor tires equally spaced from drawbar, inside-to-inside of tractor tires should be 2X 24 1/2'' = 49''.
For a 4X16: The plow's centre of draft is half way between the centre of draft of the second and third board, which if you draw/work it out, is 20'' from the cutting edge of the right-most board. That's where your plow's drawbar should be. Add 16'' cut width to that, and you'll find the the inner edge of the furrow tires should be 36'' from the drawbar/plow centre of draft.
Of course, lots of folks (including myself) don't bother to set things perfectly. There are lots of 4X16 trail type plows out there for instance, but few people have 72 between their tractor tires. It might pull a little harder or offset, but as long as you're not too far off, you can make it work good enough for field plowing. You'd want to get it perfect if going to a plowing match, however (that Oliver plow of yours would be great at a match).
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