In theory, all air will pass through the oil. As you would imagine, this makes for some pretty serious bubbling resulting from the engine vacuum. In practice, the air drawn through the pool of oil at the bottom comes back up and passes through wire mesh (more like a jumble resembling a copper or stainless-looking potscratcher) which by design is kept coated with oil drawn drawn up into it by the vacuum. The small hole at the bottom of the inner ring in the cup the Donaldson-type filter is to allow the oil to flow back dwon from the mesh to the cup to where the air is introduced, thus increasing the probability of the ideal of all the air passing through a pool of oil as a first step.
This explains the specs for using an oil in the filter of the same viscosity as what you're using in the engine for lube. Too thin, and the vacuum will draw filter oil into the combustion air, draining the filter oil and making for smoky or sooty exhaust and reducing the efficiency of the filter. Too thick, and you're starving the engine somewhat for air, and hindering the bathing of the mesh, reducing its effect as a final filter.
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Today's Featured Article - Restoration Story: Fordson Major - by Anthony West. George bought his Fordson Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00 (UK). There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that this Major was produced late 1946. It was almost complete but had various parts that would definitely need replacing.
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