You can read engineering specs in regard to harmonics, balancing, ad nauseum, but generally speaking - three and fives are easier to balance and naturually smoother. Four cylinder engines are not - and just about always have a vibration problem when they get over a certain cubic inch size unless alternative/extra balancers are used. That's why Deere fours use twin balancing shafts (1020, 2020, 450 crawlers, etc.) or Deere big fours e.g. 3020 and 500 industrial use a balancing box added to the bottom of the engine. Deere threes and sixes don't need the extra balancing. Even with cars and smaller fours, many have used balancing shafts. Rememer Chrysler's "Silent Shaft Arrow?"
Threes and fives have been around for a long time - but from what I've read, not always very marketable in cars because they don't sound appealing in sales literature. Deere used the Perkins three cylinder diesel for years in Europe, and then finally built their own.
I'll add that for a few years, Deere tried to cheapen their smaller fours by leaving the two balancing shafts out - first doing it in the 210C backhoe/loader. They vibrated so bad the mufflers cracked.
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Today's Featured Article - Show Coverage: Journey to Ankeny - by Cindy Ladage. We left Illinois on the first day of July and headed north and west for Ankeny, Iowa. Minus two kids, we traveled light with only the youngest in tow. As long as a pool was at the end of our destination she was easy to please unlike the other two who have a multitude of requirements to travel with mom and dad. Amana Colonies served as a respite where we ate a family style lunch that sustained us with more food than could reasonably fit into our ample physiques. The show at Ankeny
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