Counting casualities both North and South, more men were killed in the Civil War than all the other wars the US fought, up until the Vietnam War pushed the toatals above Civil War casualities.
SC sent 60,000 men to the Civil War, 40,000 became casualities, about 13,000 died. A considerable number of civilians starved.
The North had a lot more men die in battle than the South, but the North had a larger population.
One reason for large casualities: Up through the Napoleonic wars ending in the early 1800s, armies were armed with muzzleloading smoothbore flintlock muskets which could be loaded with a loose fitting round ball fairly rapidly, but was not accurate much over 50 yards. To get a mass of fire, soldiers lined up shoulder to shoulder with fixed bayonets and attacked the opposing army, preferably on level ground. By the time of the Civil War, armies had a gun with a rifled barrel fired by a percussion cap which was accurate at 200 yards. It could be loaded quickly because the bullet design had been changed to a long bullet with a hollow base. The thin part of the base expanded on firing to engage the rifling, making the gun more accurate while keeping the speed of loading. The clever generals kept the old tactics of lining the men up shoulder to shoulder, however.
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