Your best bet is to use a local electricial who is familiar with local code; or visit with the local inspectors. One county to the next can seem to interput the same code in different ways.
You've identified some of the issues that can snag you.
Code much prefers using the 4 wires, including running a safety ground from the central box _without_ bonding that ground in any of the other boxes - as someone mentioned.
There is a farm exception where you can do a ground rod at each building & not run the 4th wire to each location. Your local inspector may view this differently, so best to check with them.
Any building with a waterline connecting it to another building also has special considerations. With livestock and water lines involved, stray voltage becomes a bigger issue. You might want to get good local advice on how to handle this.
Livestock buildings need the main box for the building located _outside_ the building. They had too many rust through & the guts corrode when located inside.
All of this can be a tad different in your location. There is room for the inspector to follow things differently.
When I had rewiring done a few years ago, it was all 3 wire, local ground rods at each building, nothing special for the barn other than I needed the outdoor box on the barn. That was how the local inspector wantd it, that was how my electrician was familiar doing it, everyone got along, and my 'inspection' consisted of the inspector looking at 4 of the 14 boxes that were installed. He got bord, got my sticker, & all was fine.
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Today's Featured Article - Old Time Threshing - by Anthony West. A lovely harvest evening late September 1947, I was a school boy, like all school boys I loved harvest time. The golden corn ripens well and early, the stoking, stacking,.... the drawing in with the tractors and trailers and a few buck rakes thrown in, and possibly a heavy horse. It would be a great day for the collies and the terrier dogs, rats and mice would be at the bottom of the stacks so the dogs, would have a busy time hunting and killing, all the corn was gathered and ricked in what we c
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