1) If the A was still 6 volt, then it was probably set up for pos ground. Even if your buddy swapped grounds, it wouldn't hurt it as others have said. However, if he didn't repolarize the generator it won't charge the battery, and he'll have run the battery down, mostly from starting it and maybe using the lights. If it has a battery ignition, that will run it down, too though you can run quite a while before the ignition will stop if you're not running lights at the same time. If it's a battery ignition, he should also have reversed the leads on top of the coil. If it's got a magneto, that last point won't be a factor.
If he clapped a 12v battery onto a 6 volt tractor with battery ignition, he may have burned up the coil and the points are probably burnt.
2) If the tractor was 12volt with a generator (unusual) he would still have to polarize the genertor. If 12v with alternator (far more common), then you're down to the usual troubleshooting for anything that won't run. Start by checking the condition of the battery. If it's low, search on here for Bob M's wiring diagrams to make sure everything is hooked up right, and then look for JohnT's troubleshooting sequence to try to isolate the problem.
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Today's Featured Article - Identifying Tractor Noises - by Curtis Von Fange. Listening To Your Tractor : Part 3 - In this series we are continuing to learn the fine art of listening to our tractor in hopes of keeping it running longer. One particularly important facet is to hear and identify the particular noises that our
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